Infectious Diseases >> Leptospirosis

Causes

It is transmitted by the urine and semen of an infected animal, and is contagious as long as it is still moist. Humans become infected through contact with water, food, or soil containing urine from the infected animals.

It is caused by exposure to the bacteria, which can be found in fresh water contaminated by animal urine. It occurs in warmer climates.

Risk factors include:

• Occupational exposure -- farmers, ranchers, abattoir workers, trappers, veterinarians, loggers, sewer workers, rice field workers, and military personnel.

• Recreational activities -- fresh water swimming, canoeing, kayaking, and trail biking in warm areas.