HEPATITIS
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Selected abstracts: 1. Baumert TF, Thimme R, von Weizsacker F. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 7;13(1):82-90. Department of Medicine I, Schlosspark Klinik, Teaching Hospital of the Charite, Humboldt University, Heubnerweg 2, D-14059 Berlin, Germany. Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) leads to a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to self-limited acute or fulminant hepatitis to chronic hepatitis with progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Infection with HBV is one of the most common viral diseases affecting man. Both viral factors as well as the host immune response have been implicated in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of HBV infection. In this review, we will discuss the impact of virus-host interactions for the pathogenesis of HBV infection and liver disease. These interactions include the relevance of naturally occurring viral variants for clinical disease, the role of virus-induced apoptosis for HBV-induced liver cell injury and the impact of antiviral immune responses for outcome of infection. 2. Georgopapadakou N. Discontinued drugs in 2005: anti-infectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Jan;16(1):1-10. MethylGene, Inc., 7220 Frederick-Banting, Montreal, QC H4S 2A1, Canada. nafsikag@aol.com
This perspective is the fifth in a series
discussing drugs dropped from development in 2005, of which 11 were being
developed for infectious diseases. Of these, eight were antivirals and were
dropped in Phase II or III: Medivir's alovudine, Ono Pharmaceuticals'
aplaviroc hydrochloride and Excite's immunotherapeutic Xcellerate for HIV;
Boehringer Ingelheim's ciluprevir, ViroPharma's HCV-086, Isis
Pharmaceuticals' antisense oligonucleotide ISIS-14803, Japan Tobacco's
JTK-003 and Rigel's R803 for hepatitis C virus. The remaining discontinued
anti-infective drugs were an antibacterial vaccine (Vical's anthrax
vaccine), an antiseptic (YM Bioscience's Dermofural) and an antifungal
formulation (MacroChem's topical econazole). The drugs are grouped by
compound class and reasons for their failure are discussed in this
article.Glebe D. Recent advances in hepatitis B virus research: a German
point of view. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 7;13(1):8-13. Review. 3. Glebe D. Recent advances in hepatitis B virus research: a German point of view. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 7;13(1):8-13. Review. More than 30 years after the discovery of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) this virus remains to be one of the major global health problems. In infected adolescents or adults, 5%-10% will lead to a chronic carrier state, whereas in infected neonates up to 90% develop chronicity. It is estimated that about 370 million people are chronic carriers of HBV worldwide. In many regions of the world, chronic HBV infection is still the major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. During the last 30 years, many steps of the viral life cycle have been unravelled, mainly due to cloning, sequencing and expression of the genomic DNA extracted from HBV virions. This has lead to the development of a safe and efficient vaccine and sensitive tests for HBV surface protein (HBsAg) allowing reliable diagnosis and screening of blood products. More recently, a growing number of reverse transcriptase inhibitors have been developed. However, together with these improvements new deficiencies in prevention and cure of HBV infections are becoming apparent. Although HBV is a DNA virus, it is highly variable under immunity or drug induced selection pressure, resulting in vaccine-related escape mutants and drug resistance. To overcome these challenging problems new antivirals and optimised vaccines have to be developed. 4. Parikh S, Hyman D. Hepatocellular cancer: a guide for the internist. Am J Med. 2007 Mar;120(3):194-202. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex, USA. parikh@bcm.tmc.edu Hepatocellular cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its incidence has increased dramatically in the United States because of the spread of hepatitis C virus infection and is expected to increase for the next 2 decades. Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and chronic heavy alcohol use leading to cirrhosis of the liver remain the most important causes. The diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer rests on a combination of radiologic, serologic, and histopathologic criteria. Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment. Resection of the tumor and other percutaneous therapies are more commonly used in practice, because most hepatocellular cancers are detected at an advanced stage. Patients who are at high risk for the development of hepatocellular cancer should be screened with an ultrasound of the liver every 6 months. The prognosis is dependent on both the underlying liver function and the stage at which the tumor is diagnosed. The aim of this review is to familiarize internists in screening, diagnosis, and referral of patients with hepatocellular cancer in an appropriate and timely fashion. 5. Zaccarelli-Filho CA, Ono E, Machado DM, Brunialti M, Succi RC, Salomao R, Kallas EG, de Moraes-Pinto MI. HIV-1-infected children on HAART: immunologic features of three different levels of viral suppression. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2007 Jan 15;72(1):14-21. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, rua Pedro de Toledo 781-9 andar, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. BACKGROUND: HIV-1-infected children show changes of blood lymphocyte subpopulations. We have, therefore, investigated how highly active anti-retroviral therapy (ART) alter these subsets. Blood samples were taken from 41 HIV-1-infected children on ART who were divided into groups showing good, partial and poor responses to ART on the basis of viral load (VL) measurement in blood. The observations were compared to those seen in 20 uninfected children. METHODS: The samples were studied using 4-color flow cytometry for "naïve", central memory and effector memory cells as well as for CD38 expression as the sign of activation within both the CD4+ and the CD8+ T cell populations. HIV-1 infected children were also evaluated for the presence and the titers of antibodies induced by vaccination against childhood infections in our patients while on HAART. RESULTS: Lymphocyte counts were lower in the "poor" viral load responding (VLR) group when compared with partial and good VLRs. Poor VLRs had lower total and naïve CD4+ T cell counts. HIV-1-infected children from all three groups had high CD8+ T cell counts. Central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages were particularly low in the poor VLR group while in the poor VLR group the percentages of effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were higher when compared with the control group. Higher cellular activation of CD8+ T cells was observed in HIV-1-infected children, particularly when analyzed for the intensity of CD38 expression in the poor VLR group. CD5 expression on B cells was higher among all HIV-1-infected children. Antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria, measles, rubella, and hepatitis B were present in a large proportion of children but the titers were similarly low for all three groups of HIV-infected children. CONCLUSIONS: Children with different levels of viral response to HAART present immune phenotype characteristics that tend to place the children with partial and good virological responses into the same group. These children are still moderately deficient in their immune responses but show better recovery than seen with children in the poor VLR group. These observations indicate that the proportions of central memory cells among the CD4+ T cells and the intensity of the expression of CD38 activation antigen on CD8+ T cells provide more informative parameters for monitoring children on HAART than the absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells alone. (c) 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology. |
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Diagnosis, Diagnostics, Immunodiagnosis & Immunodiagnostics: |
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15801. Abe M, Onji M, Kawai-Ninomiya K, Michitaka K, Matsuura B, Hiasa Y, Horiike N. Clinicopathologic features of the severe form of acute type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Feb;5(2):255-8. 15802. Aktipi KM, Ravaglia S, Ceroni M, Nemni R, Debiaggi M, Bastianello S, Alfonsi E, Zardini E, Minoli L, Tavazzi E, Marchioni E. Severe recurrent myelitis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Neurology. 2007 Feb 6;68(6):468-9. 15803. Alric L, Thebault S, Selves J, Peron JM, Mejdoubi S, Fortenfant F, Vinel JP. Characterization of overlap syndrome between primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis according to antimitochondrial antibodies status. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2007 Jan;31(1):11-6. 15804. Bolognesi M, Sacerdoti D, Mescoli C, Bombonato G, Cillo U, Merenda R, Giacomelli L, Merkel C, Rugge M, Gatta A. Different hemodynamic patterns of alcoholic and viral endstage cirrhosis: analysis of explanted liver weight, degree of fibrosis and splanchnic Doppler parameters. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Feb;42(2):256-62. 15805. Bortolotti F, Guido M. Hepatitis B in children. Hepatology. 2007 Mar;45(3):831; author reply 831. 15806. Chamie G, Bonacini M, Bangsberg DR, Stapleton JT, Hall C, Overton ET, Scherzer R, Tien PC. Factors associated with seronegative chronic hepatitis C virus infection in HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 15;44(4):577-83. 15807. De Franchis R, Dell'Era A. Non-invasive diagnosis of cirrhosis and the natural history of its complications. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;21(1):3-18. Review. 15808. Escutenaire S, Mohamed N, Isaksson M, Thoren P, Klingeborn B, Belak S, Berg M, Blomberg J. SYBR Green real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for the generic detection of coronaviruses. Arch Virol. 2007 Jan;152(1):41-58. 15809. Gonzalez-Quintela A, Lojo S, Otero E, Perez LF. Keratin-18 as a marker of steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2007 Feb;45(2):545. 15810. Kamath PS, Kim WR; Advanced Liver Disease Study Group. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD). Hepatology. 2007 Mar;45(3):797-805. Review. 15811. Katsoulidou A, Moschidis Z, Sypsa V, Chini M, Papatheodoridis GV, Tassopoulos NC, Mimidis K, Karafoulidou A, Hatzakis A. Analytical and clinical sensitivity of the Procleix Ultrio HIV-1/HCV/HBV assay in samples with a low viral load. Vox Sang. 2007 Jan;92(1):8-14. 15812. Liaskos C, Bogdanos DP, Davies ET, Dalekos GN. Diagnostic relevance of anti-filamentous actin antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis. J Clin Pathol. 2007 Jan;60(1):107-8. 15813. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2007 Feb;45(2):507-39. 15814. Lupberger J, Hildt E. Hepatitis B virus-induced oncogenesis. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 7;13(1):74-81. Review. 15815. Oertelt S, Rieger R, Selmi C, Invernizzi P, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Podda M, Leung PS, Gershwin ME. A sensitive bead assay for antimitochondrial antibodies: Chipping away at AMA-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007 Mar;45(3):659-65. 15816. Olioso D, Boaretti M, Ligozzi M, Lo Cascio G, Fontana R. Detection and quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA by SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007 Jan;26(1):43-50. 15817. Prassouli A, Panagiotou J, Vakaki M, Giannatou I, Atilakos A, Garoufi A, Papaevangelou V. Acute acalculous cholecystitis as the initial presentation of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Pediatr Surg. 2007 Jan;42(1):E11-3. 15818. Rahul S, Kataria J M, Kumar S N, Dhama K, Dash B B, Uma R, Praveen B N: Application of polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent antibody technique for the diagnosis of inclusion body hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (IBH-HPS) caused by fowl adenovirus serotype-4. Indian J comp Microbiol Immunol infect Dis 2003, 24(2), 137-42. 15819. Raimondo G, Pollicino T, Cacciola I, Squadrito G. Occult hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2007 Jan;46(1):160-70. 15820. Saito T, Misawa K, Kawata S. 1. Fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Intern Med. 2007;46(2):101-3. 15821. Satra M, Gatselis N, Iliopoulos D, Zacharoulis D, Dalekos GN, Tsezou A. Real-time quantification of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA in liver tissues from patients with hepatocellular cancer and chronic viral hepatitis. J Viral Hepat. 2007 Jan;14(1):41-7. 15822. Steele RW. Diagnosis: Fulminant hepatic failure--etiology most likely hepatitis A. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2007 Jan;46(1):81-2. 15823. Sulochana Devi K, Brajachand N, Lokhendro Singh H, Manihar Singh Y: Co-infection by human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in injecting drug users. J Commun Dis 2005, 37(1), 73-7. 15824. Tokumoto Y, Onji M. Acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis. Intern Med. 2007;46(1):1-2. 15825. Zaman A, Rosen HR, Ingram K, Corless CL, Oh E, Smith K. Assessment of FIBROSpect II to detect hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Am J Med. 2007 Mar;120(3):280.e9-14. 15826. Zeller JL, Lynm C, Glass RM. JAMA patient page. Hepatitis C. JAMA. 2007 Feb 21;297(7):768. 15827. Zhang JY, Megliorino R, Peng XX, Tan EM, Chen Y, Chan EK. Antibody detection using tumor-associated antigen mini-array in immunodiagnosing human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2007 Jan;46(1):107-14. 15828. Zhao ZY, Ruan B, Shao H, Chen ZJ, Liu SL. Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA in sera of patients with hepatitis E by polymerase chain reaction. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2007 Feb;6(1):38-42. Pathogenesis: 15829. Tillmann HL, Thursz M. Hepatitis C virus infection--its role in pathogenesis. J Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 15;195(2):168-70. Vaccines: 15830. Connor BA, Blatter MM, Beran J, Zou B, Trofa AF. Rapid and sustained immune response against hepatitis A and B achieved with combined vaccine using an accelerated administration schedule. J Travel Med. 2007 Jan-Feb;14(1):9-15. 15831. Cruciani M, Mengoli C, Serpelloni G, Mazzi R, Bosco O, Malena M. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor as an adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccination: a meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2007 Jan 8;25(4):709-18. 15832. Jain A, Aggarwal V, Chand A, Kar P. G-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in patients with acute viral hepatitis presenting with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Indian J Gastroenterol 2006, 25(2), 104-5. 15833. Jakiche R, Borrego ME, Raisch DW, Gupchup GV, Pai MA, Jakiche A. The cost-effectiveness of two strategies for vaccinating US veterans with hepatitis C virus infection against hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses. Am J Med Sci. 2007 Jan;333(1):26-34. 15834. Krawczynski K. Hepatitis E vaccine--ready for prime time? N Engl J Med. 2007 Mar 1;356(9):949-51. 15835. Kripke C. Hepatitis B vaccine for infants of HBsAg-positive mothers. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Jan 1;75(1):49-50. 15836. Lo CM, Lau GK, Chan SC, Fan ST, Wong J. Efficacy of a pre-S containing vaccine in patients receiving lamivudine prophylaxis after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B. Am J Transplant. 2007 Feb;7(2):434-9. 15837. Mele A, Mariano A, Tosti ME, Stroffolini T, Pizzuti R, Gallo G, Ragni P, Zotti C, Lopalco P, Curtale F, Balocchini E, Spada E; SEIEVA Collaborating Group. Acute hepatitis delta virus infection in Italy: incidence and risk factors after the introduction of the universal anti-hepatitis B vaccination campaign. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 1;44(3):e17-24. 15838. National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI). Statement on the recommended use of pentavalent and hexavalent vaccines. An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS). Can Commun Dis Rep. 2007 Feb 1;33(ACS-1):1-14. English, French. 15839. Santoro D, Stella M, Montalto G, Castellino S. Lupus nephritis after hepatitis B vaccination: an uncommon complication. Clin Nephrol. 2007 Jan;67(1):61-3. 15840. Shlomovitz E, Davies W, Cairns E, Brintnell WC, Goldszmidt M, Dresser GK. Severe necrotizing pancreatitis following combined hepatitis A and B vaccination. CMAJ. 2007 Jan 30;176(3):339-42. 15841. Shrestha MP, Scott RM, Joshi DM, Mammen MP Jr, Thapa GB, Thapa N, Myint KS, Fourneau M, Kuschner RA, Shrestha SK, David MP, Seriwatana J, Vaughn DW, Safary A, Endy TP, Innis BL. Safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2007 Mar 1;356(9):895-903. 15842. Wang XY, Xu ZY, Ma JC, von Seidlein L, Zhang Y, Hao ZY, Han OP, Zhang YL, Tian MY, Ouyang PY, Zhang ZY, Han CQ, Xing ZC, Chen JC. Long-term immunogenicity after single and booster dose of a live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine: results from 8-year follow-up. Vaccine. 2007 Jan 5;25(3):446-9. Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, Management & Drugs: 15843. Balzarini J. Carbohydrate-binding agents: a potential future cornerstone for the chemotherapy of enveloped viruses? Antivir Chem Chemother. 2007;18(1):1-11. Review. 15844. Dahri K, Ensom MH. Efavirenz and nevirapine in HIV-1 infection : is there a role for clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring? Clin Pharmacokinet. 2007;46(2):109-32. Review. 15845. Issa H, Al-Haddad A, Al-Salem AH. Diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP in the pediatric age group. Pediatr Surg Int. 2007 Feb;23(2):111-6. 15846. Keeffe EB, Marcellin P. New and emerging treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Mar;5(3):285-94. 15847. Saikia N, Talukdar R, Mazumder S, Khanna S, Tandon R. Management of patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Postgrad Med J. 2007 Jan;83(975):32-9. Review. 15848. Sasadeusz JJ, Locarnini SL, Macdonald G. Why do we not yet have combination chemotherapy for chronic hepatitis B? Med J Aust. 2007 Feb 19;186(4):204-6. 15849. Schiff ER. Emerging strategies for pegylated interferon combination therapy. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Jan;4 Suppl 1:S17-21. Review. 15850. Sherman KE. New paradigms in the management of hepatitis C virus co-infections. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Jan;4 Suppl 1:S10-6. Review. 15851. Shouval D. Adoptive transfer of immunity to HBV in liver transplant patients: a step forward toward the proof of concept for therapeutic vaccination or a transient immunologic phenomenon? Liver Transpl. 2007 Jan;13(1):14-7. 15852. Szyszko T, Al-Nahhas A, Tait P, Rubello D, Canelo R, Habib N, Jiao L, Wasan H, Bansi D, Thillainayagam A, Nijran K, Stamp G, O'Rourke E. Management and prevention of adverse effects related to treatment of liver tumours with 90Y microspheres. Nucl Med Commun. 2007 Jan;28(1):21-4. 15853. Takeda A, Jones J, Shepherd J, Davidson P, Price A. A systematic review and economic evaluation of adefovir dipivoxil and pegylated interferon-alpha-2a for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat. 2007 Feb;14(2):75-88. Review. 15854. Younossi Z, Kallman J, Kincaid J. The effects of HCV infection and management on health-related quality of life. Hepatology. 2007 Mar;45(3):806-16. Review. 15855. Yuan HJ, Lee WM. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Curr Mol Med. 2007 Mar;7(2):185-97. Review. |
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