Diagnosis, Diagnostics, Immunodiagnosis & Immunodiagnostics:

9896.  Allahverdiyev AM, Uzun S, Bagirova M, Durdu M, Memisoglu HR. A sensitive new microculture method for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Mar;70(3):294-7.

9897. Cortes S, Rolao N, Ramada J, Campino L. PCR as a rapid and sensitive tool in the diagnosis of human and canine leishmaniasis using Leishmania donovani s.l.-specific kinetoplastid primers. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Jan;98(1):12-7.

9898. Costa DJ, Favali C, Clarencio J, Afonso L, Conceicao V, Miranda JC, Titus RG, Valenzuela J, Barral-Netto M, Barral A, Brodskyn CI.  Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary gland homogenate impairs cytokine production and costimulatory molecule expression on human monocytes and dendritic cells. Infect Immun. 2004 Mar;72(3):1298-305.

9899. Hailu A, Pater JM, Kager PA, van der Poll T. Increased expression of HIV co-receptor CXCR4 on CD4+ T-cells in patients with active visceral leishmaniasis. Scand J Infect Dis. 2004;36(1):56-8.

9900. Islam MZ, Itoh M, Mirza R, Ahmed I, Ekram AR, Sarder AH, Shamsuzzaman SM, Hashiguchi Y, Kimura E. Direct agglutination test with urine samples for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Jan;70(1):78-82.

9901. Pal S, Aggarwal G, Haldar A, Majumdar A, Majumdar HK, Duttagupta S.  Diagnosis of symptomatic kala-azar by polymerase chain reaction using patient's blood. Med Sci Monit. 2004 Jan;10(1):MT1-5.

9902. Ravindran R, Anam K, Bairagi BC, Saha B, Pramanik N, Guha SK, Goswami RP, Banerjee D, Ali N. Characterization of immunoglobulin G and its subclass response to Indian kala-azar infection before and after chemotherapy. Infect Immun. 2004 Feb;72(2):863-70.

9903. Riera C, Fisa R, Udina M, Gallego M, Portus M. Detection of Leishmania infantum cryptic infection in asymptomatic blood donors living in an endemic area (Eivissa, Balearic Islands, Spain) by different diagnostic methods. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Feb;98(2):102-10.

9904. Wortmann GW, Romero LI, Paz HM, Ortega-Barria E, Bayard V, Hochberg LP, Ryan JR. Real-time polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of leishmaniasis in Panama from both fresh and frozen tissue. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Mar;98(3):148-51.

Pathogenesis:

9905.  Amprey JL, Spath GF, Porcelli SA. Inhibition of CD1 expression in human dendritic cells during intracellular infection with Leishmania donovani. Infect Immun. 2004 Jan;72(1):589-92.

9906. Colmenares M, Corbi AL, Turco SJ, Rivas L. The dendritic cell receptor DC-SIGN discriminates among species and life cycle forms of Leishmania. J Immunol. 2004 Jan 15;172(2):1186-90.

9907. Maes L, Vanden Berghe D, Germonprez N, Quirijnen L, Cos P, De Kimpe N, Van Puyvelde L. In vitro and in vivo activities of a triterpenoid saponin extract (PX-6518) from the plant Maesa balansae against visceral leishmania species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Jan;48(1):130-6.

9908. Milleron RS, Mutebi JP, Valle S, Montoya A, Yin H, Soong L, Lanzaro GC. Antigenic diversity in maxadilan, a salivary protein from the sand fly vector of American visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Mar;70(3):286-93.

9909. Nylen S, Maasho K, McMahon-Pratt D, Akuffo H. Leishmanial amastigote antigen P-2 induces major histocompatibility complex class II-dependent natural killer-cell reactivity in cells from healthy donors. Scand J Immunol. 2004 Mar;59(3):294-304.

9910. Tintaya KW, Ying X, Dedet JP, Rijal S, De Bolle X, Dujardin JC. Antigen genes for molecular epidemiology of leishmaniasis: polymorphism of cysteine proteinase B and surface metalloprotease glycoprotein 63 in the Leishmania donovani complex. J Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 15;189(6):1035-43.

Vaccines

9911.   Das P. Infectious disease surveillance update. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004 Feb;4(2):69.

Therapy

9912. Nylen S, Maasho K, McMahon-Pratt D, Akuffo H. Leishmanial amastigote antigen P-2 induces major histocompatibility complex class II-dependent natural killer-cell reactivity in cells from healthy donors. Scand J Immunol. 2004 Mar;59(3):294-304.