9306.  Beck KD, Gastmeier P. Clinical or epidemiologic diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia: is there any difference? Am J Infect Control. 2003 Oct;31(6):331-5.

9307.  Crothers K, Huang L. Recurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an HIV-infected patient: apparent selective immune reconstitution after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2003 Oct;4(4):346-9.

9308.  Datta D, Ali SA, Henken EM, Kellet H, Brown S, Metersky ML. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: the time course of clinical and radiographic improvement. Chest. 2003 Nov;124(5):1820-3.

9309.  d'Escrivan T, Roussel-Delvallez M, Alfandari S, Guery B. High level of resistance to levofloxacin of Streptococcus pneumoniae following fluoroquinolone therapy. Infection. 2003 Oct;31(5):366.

9310.  Franquet T, Lee KS, Muller NL. Thin-section CT findings in 32 immunocompromised patients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia who do not have AIDS. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003 Oct;181(4):1059-63.

9311.  Freudenberger TD, Madtes DK, Curtis JR, Cummings P, Storer BE, Hackman RC. Association between acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Blood. 2003 Nov 15;102(10):3822-8. Epub 2003 Jul 17.

9312.  Fukuda T, Hackman RC, Guthrie KA, Sandmaier BM, Boeckh M, Maris MB, Maloney DG, Deeg HJ, Martin PJ, Storb RF, Madtes DK. Risks and outcomes of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after nonmyeloablative and conventional conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2003 Oct 15;102(8):2777-85. Epub 2003 Jul 10.

9313.  Golpe R, Mateos A. Rifampicin induced pneumonitis or bronchogenic spread of tuberculous empyema through a bronchopleural fistula? Thorax. 2003 Oct;58(10):910.

9314.  Heiskanen-Kosma T, Korppi M, Leinonen M. Serologically indicated pneumococcal pneumonia in children: a population-based study in primary care settings. APMIS. 2003 Oct;111(10):945-50.

9315.  Hoffman JA, Mason EO, Schutze GE, Tan TQ, Barson WJ, Givner LB, Wald ER, Bradley JS, Yogev R, Kaplan SL. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the neonate. Pediatrics. 2003 Nov;112(5):1095-102. Review.

9316.  Hunninghake GW, Lynch DA, Galvin JR, Gross BH, Muller N, Schwartz DA, King TE Jr, Lynch JP 3rd, Hegele R, Waldron J, Colby TV, Hogg JC.  Radiologic findings are strongly associated with a pathologic diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest. 2003 Oct;124(4):1215-23.

9317.  Kaplan V, Angus DC. Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. Crit Care Clin. 2003 Oct;19(4):729-48.

9318.  Karnath BM, Luh JY. Diagnostic and prognostic testing in pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Dec 2;139(11):955.

9319.  Krell S, Adams I, Arnold U, Kalinski T, Aumann V, Konig W, Konig B. Influenza B pneumonia with Staphylococcus aureus superinfection associated with parvovirus B19 and concomitant agranulocytosis. Infection. 2003 Oct;31(5):353-8.

9320.  Laundy M, Ajayi-Obe E, Hawrami K, Aitken C, Breuer J, Booy R. Influenza A community-acquired pneumonia in East London infants and young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003 Oct;22(10 Suppl):S223-7.

9321.  Linden PK, Kusne S, Coley K, Fontes P, Kramer DJ, Paterson D. Use of parenteral colistin for the treatment of serious infection due to antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Dec 1;37(11):e154-60. Epub 2003 Oct 29.

9322.  Lo AW, Tse GM, Chu WC, Chan AB. Pulmonary tumour microembolism clinically mimicking alveolitis. J Clin Pathol. 2003 Nov;56(11):866-7.

9323.  Lode H, Grossman C, Choudhri S, Haverstock D, McGivern J, Herman-Gnjidic Z, Church D. Sequential IV/PO moxifloxacin treatment of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Respir Med. 2003 Oct;97(10):1134-42.

9324.  Majeski EI, Paintlia MK, Lopez AD, Harley RA, London SD, London L.  Respiratory reovirus 1/L induction of intraluminal fibrosis, a model of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, is dependent on T lymphocytes. Am J Pathol. 2003 Oct;163(4):1467-79.

9325.  Managoli S, Chaturvedi P. Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysm and symptomatic pneumonia. Indian Pediatr. 2003 Nov;40(11):1106-7.

9326.  Mandell LA, Bartlett JG, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Whitney C; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Update of practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Dec 1;37(11):1405-33. Epub 2003 Nov 03.

9327.  McIntosh ED. How many episodes of hospital care might be prevented by widespread uptake of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine? Arch Dis Child. 2003 Oct;88(10):859-61.

9328.  Nadrous HF, Antonios VS, Terrell CL, Ryu JH. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in nonimmunocompromised patients. Chest. 2003 Dec;124(6):2143-7.

9329.  Namiduru M, Karaoglan I, Aktaran S, Dikensoy O, Baydar I. A case of septicaemia, meningitis and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus bovis type II. Int J Clin Pract. 2003 Oct;57(8):735-6.

9330.  Neuman MI, Harper MB. Evaluation of a rapid urine antigen assay for the detection of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. Pediatrics. 2003 Dec;112(6 Pt 1):1279-82.

9331.  Ohnishi H, Yokoyama A, Yasuhara Y, Watanabe A, Naka T, Hamada H, Abe M, Nishimura K, Higaki J, Ikezoe J, Kohno N. Circulating KL-6 levels in patients with drug induced pneumonitis. Thorax. 2003 Oct;58(10):872-5.

9332.  Pappas G, Bosilkovski M, Akritidis N, Mastora M, Krteva L, Tsianos E. Brucellosis and the respiratory system. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Oct 1;37(7):e95-9. Epub 2003 Sep 08.

9333.  Parada JP, Deloria-Knoll M, Chmiel JS, Arozullah AM, Phan L, Ali SN, Goetz MB, Weinstein RA, Campo R, Jacobson J, Dehovitz J, Berland D, Bennett CL. Relationship between health insurance and medical care for patients hospitalized with human immunodeficiency virus-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 1995-1997: Medicaid, bronchoscopy, and survival. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Dec 1;37(11):1549-55. Epub 2003 Nov 06.

9334.  Pene F, Merlat A, Vabret A, Rozenberg F, Buzyn A, Dreyfus F, Cariou A, Freymuth F, Lebon P. Coronavirus 229E-related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Oct 1;37(7):929-32. Epub 2003 Sep 08.

9335.  Pham TT, Burchette JL Jr, Hale LP. Fatal disseminated adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003 Oct;120(4):575-83.

9336.  Plouffe JF, Breiman RF, Fields BS, Herbert M, Inverso J, Knirsch C, Kolokathis A, Marrie TJ, Nicolle L, Schwartz DB. Azithromycin in the treatment of Legionella pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Dec 1;37(11):1475-80. Epub 2003 Oct 29.

9337.  Reidy MF, Wright JR. Surfactant protein A enhances apoptotic cell uptake and TGF-beta1 release by inflammatory alveolar macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Oct;285(4):L854-61. Epub 2003 Jun 06.

9338.  Sethi S. Gatifloxacin in community-acquired respiratory tract infection. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003 Oct;4(10):1847-55. Review.

9339.  Uziel Y, Hashkes PJ, Kassem E, Gottesman G, Wolach B. "Unresolving pneumonia" as the main manifestation of atypical Kawasaki disease. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Oct;88(10):940-2.

9340.  Vassallo R, Jensen EA, Colby TV, Ryu JH, Douglas WW, Hartman TE, Limper AH. The overlap between respiratory bronchiolitis and desquamative interstitial pneumonia in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: high-resolution CT, histologic, and functional correlations. Chest. 2003 Oct;124(4):1199-205.

9341.  White ES, Lazar MH, Thannickal VJ. Pathogenetic mechanisms in usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Pathol. 2003 Nov;201(3):343-54. Review.

9342.  Wong CC, Brown D, Howling SJ, Parker NE. Hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis in a patient with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis after prolonged drug exposure. Eur J Haematol. 2003 Nov;71(5):388-90.

Pathogenesis:

9343.  Ali F, Lee ME, Iannelli F, Pozzi G, Mitchell TJ, Read RC, Dockrell DH.  Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated human macrophage apoptosis after bacterial internalization via complement and Fcgamma receptors correlates with intracellular bacterial load. J Infect Dis. 2003 Oct 15;188(8):1119-31. Epub 2003 Oct 10.

9344.  Esposito S, Droghetti R, Faelli N, Lastrico A, Tagliabue C, Cesati L, Bianchi C, Principi N. Serum concentrations of pneumococcal anticapsular antibodies in children with pneumonia associated with Streptococcus pneumonia infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Nov 1;37(9):1261-4. Epub 2003 Sep 30.

9345.  Hemsley C, Joyce E, Hava DL, Kawale A, Camilli A. MgrA, an orthologue of Mga, Acts as a transcriptional repressor of the genes within the rlrA pathogenicity islet in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Bacteriol. 2003 Nov;185(22):6640-7.

9346.  Kamp DW. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the inflammation hypothesis revisited. Chest. 2003 Oct;124(4):1187-90. Review.

9347.  Miyamoto H, Yoshida S, Taniguchi H, Shuman HA. Virulence conversion of Legionella pneumophila by conjugal transfer of chromosomal DNA. J Bacteriol. 2003 Nov;185(22):6712-8.

9348.  Nahimana A, Rabodonirina M, Zanetti G, Meneau I, Francioli P, Bille J, Hauser PM. Association between a specific Pneumocystis jiroveci dihydropteroate synthase mutation and failure of pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative patients. J Infect Dis. 2003 Oct 1;188(7):1017-23. Epub 2003 Sep 26.

9349.  O'Carroll MR, Kidd TJ, Coulter C, Smith HV, Rose BR, Harbour C, Bell SC. Burkholderia pseudomallei: another emerging pathogen in cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2003 Dec;58(12):1087-91.

9350.  Ricart M, Lorente C, Diaz E, Kollef MH, Rello J. Nursing adherence with evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2003 Nov;31(11):2693-6.

9351.  Sader HS, Fritsche TR, Mutnick AH, Jones RN. Contemporary evaluation of the in vitro activity and spectrum of cefdinir compared with other orally administered antimicrobials tested against common respiratory tract pathogens (2000-2002). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003 Nov;47(3):515-25.

9352.  Stokes HL, Easton AJ, Marriott AC. Chimeric pneumovirus nucleocapsid (N) proteins allow identification of amino acids essential for the function of the respiratory syncytial virus N protein. J Gen Virol. 2003 Oct;84(Pt 10):2679-83.

9353.  Takahashi H, Oishi K, Yoshimine H, Kumatori A, Moji K, Watanabe K, Nalwoga H, Tugume SB, Kebba A, Mugerwa R, Mugyenyi P, Nagatake T.  Decreased serum opsonic activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae in human immunodeficiency virus-infected Ugandan adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Dec 1;37(11):1534-40. Epub 2003 Nov 06.

Vaccines:

9354.  Herzog NS, Bratzler DW, Houck PM, Jiang H, Nsa W, Shook C, Weingarten SR. Effects of previous influenza vaccination on subsequent readmission and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with pneumonia. Am J Med. 2003 Oct 15;115(6):454-61.

Therapy:

9355.  Bauer TT. Nosocomial pneumonia: therapy is just not good enough. Chest. 2003 Nov;124(5):1632-4.

9356.  Benninger MS. Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium extended release tablets: a new antimicrobial for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis and community-acquired pneumonia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003 Oct;4(10):1839-46. Review.

9357.  Fine MJ, Stone RA, Lave JR, Hough LJ, Obrosky DS, Mor MK, Kapoor WN. Implementation of an evidence-based guideline to reduce duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy and length of stay for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Med. 2003 Oct 1;115(5):343-51.

9358.  Rello J, Lorente C, Diaz E, Bodi M, Boque C, Sandiumenge A, Santamaria JM. Incidence, etiology, and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU patients requiring percutaneous tracheotomy for mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2003 Dec;124(6):2239-43.

9359.  Silber SH, Garrett C, Singh R, Sweeney A, Rosenberg C, Parachiv D, Okafo T. Early administration of antibiotics does not shorten time to clinical stability in patients with moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2003 Nov;124(5):1798-804.

9360.  Wunderink RG, Rello J, Cammarata SK, Croos-Dabrera RV, Kollef MH. Linezolid vs vancomycin: analysis of two double-blind studies of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia. Chest. 2003 Nov;124(5):1789-97.  

9361.  Ziss DR, Stowers A, Feild C. Community-acquired pneumonia: compliance with centers for Medicare and Medicaid services, national guidelines, and factors associated with outcome. South Med J. 2003 Oct;96(10):949-59.