Some Selected Abstracts: | |
1. |
Bellini WJ, Harcourt BH, Bowden N, Rota PA. Nipah virus: an
emergent paramyxovirus causing severe encephalitis in humans. J Neurovirol. 2005 Oct;11(5):481-7. Review. Respiratory
and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases,
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. wbellini@cdc.gov Nipah
virus is a recently emergent paramyxovirus that is capable of causing
severe disease in both humans and animals. The first outbreak of Nipah
virus occurred in Malaysia and Singapore in 1999 and, more recently,
outbreaks were detected in Bangladesh. In humans, Nipah virus causes
febrile encephalitis with respiratory syndrome that has a high mortality
rate. The reservoir for Nipah virus is believed to be fruit bats, and
humans are infected by contact with infected bats or by contact with an
intermediate animal host such as pigs. Person to person spread of the
virus has also been described. Nipah virus retains many of the genetic and
biologic properties found in other paramyxoviruses, though it also has
several unique characteristics. However, the virologic characteristics
that allow the virus to cause severe disease over a broad host range, and
the epidemiologic, environmental and virologic features that favor
transmission to humans are unknown. This review summarizes what is known
about the virology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and control of this
novel pathogen. |
2.
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1.
Hasko G, Pacher P, Vizi ES, Illes P. Adenosine receptor signaling
in the brain immune system. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2005 Oct;26(10):511-6.
Review. Department
of Surgery, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
haskoge@umdnj.edu |
3. |
Mackenzie JS. Emerging zoonotic encephalitis viruses: lessons from
Southeast Asia and Oceania. J Neurovirol. 2005 Oct;11(5):434-40. Review. Australian
Biosecurity CRC, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western
Australia, Australia. Mackenzie@curtin.edu.au . |
4. |
Marchetti B,
Abbracchio MP. To be or not to be (inflamed)--is that the question in
anti-inflammatory drug therapy of neurodegenerative disorders? Trends
Pharmacol Sci. 2005 Oct;26(10):517-25. Review. Department of Pharmacology, University of Sassari Medical School, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy. biancamarchetti@libero.it A sustained inflammatory reaction is present in acute (e.g. stroke) and chronic (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis) neurodegenerative disorders. Inflammation, which is fostered by both residential glial cells and blood-circulating cells that infiltrate the diseased brain, probably starts as a time- and site-specific defense mechanism that could later evolve into a destructive and uncontrolled reaction. In this article, we review the crucial dichotomy of brain inflammation, where failure to resolve an acute beneficial response could lead to a vicious and anarchic state of chronic activation. The possible use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the management of neurode- generative diseases is discussed in light of recent data demonstrating a neuroprotective role of local innate and adaptive immune responses. Novel therapeutic approaches must rely on potentiation of endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways, identification of early markers of neuronal deterioration and a combination treatment involving immune modulation and anti-inflammatory therapies.3. |
5. |
McIver CJ, Jacques CF, Chow SS, Munro SC, Scott GM, Roberts JA, Craig ME,
Rawlinson WD. Development of multiplex PCRs for detection of common viral
pathogens and agents of congenital infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2005
Oct;43(10):5102-10.
Department of Microbiology, South Eastern Area Laboratory Service,
Prince of Wales Hospital, New South Wales 2031, Australia. Potential causes of congenital infection include Toxoplasma gondii and viruses such as cytome- galovirus (CMV), enterovirus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2), human herpesvirus types 6, 7, and 8, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, parvovirus, rubella virus, and varicella-zoster virus. Testing for each of these agents using nucleic acid tests is time consuming and the availability of clinical samples such as amniotic fluid or neonatal blood is often limited. The aim of this study was to develop multiplex PCRs (mPCRs) for detection of DNA and RNA agents in the investigation of congenital infection and an mPCR for the viruses most commonly requested in a diagnostic virology laboratory (CMV, Epstein-Barr virus, enterovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus). The assays were assessed using known pathogen-positive tissues (cultures, placentae, plasma, and amniotic fluid) and limits of detection were determined for all the agents studied using serial dilutions of plasmid targets. Nested PCR was performed as the most sensitive assay currently available, and detection of the amplicons using hybridization to labeled probes and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection was incorporated into three of the four assays. This allowed detection of 10 to 10(2) copies of each agent in the samples processed. In several patients, an unexpected infection was diagnosed, including a case of encephalitis where HSV was the initial clinical suspicion but CMV was detected. In the majority of these cases the alternative agent could be confirmed using reference culture, serology, or fluorescence methods and was of relevance to clinical care of the patient. The methods described here provide useful techniques for diagnosing congenital infections and a paradigm for assessment of new multiplex PCRs for use in the diagnostic laboratory |
Diagnosis, Diagnostics, Immunodiagnosis & Immunodiagnostics: |
13768.
Chanama S, Sukprasert W, Sa-ngasang A, A-nuegoonpipat A,
Sangkitporn S, Kurane I, Anantapreecha S. Detection of Japanese
encephalitis (JE) virus-specific IgM in cerebrospinal fluid and serum
samples from JE patients. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005 Oct;58(5):294-6. 13769.
Lee DH, Mathew J, Pfahler W, Ma D, Valinsky J, Prince AM, Andrus
L. Individual donor nucleic acid amplification testing for detection of
West Nile virus. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Oct;43(10):5111-6. 13770.
Lolli F, Mazzanti B, Pazzagli M, Peroni E, Alcaro MC, Sabatino G,
Lanzillo R, Brescia Morra V, Santoro L, Gasperini C, Galgani S, D'Elios
MM, Zipoli V, Sotgiu S, Pugliatti M, Rovero P, Chelli M, Papini AM. The
glycopeptide CSF114(Glc) detects serum antibodies in multiple sclerosis.
J Neuroimmunol. 2005 Oct;167(1-2):131-7. 13771.
Marciniak C, Rosenfeld EL. Serial electrodiagnostic studies in
West Nile virus-associated acute flaccid paralysis. Am J Phys Med
Rehabil. 2005 Nov;84(11):904-10. 13772.
Pawar SD, Singh A, Gangodkar SV, Rao BL. Propagation of
Chandipura virus in chick embryos. Indian J Exp Biol. 2005
Oct;43(10):930-2. 13773.
Rand K, Houck H, Lawrence R. Real-time polymerase chain reaction
detection of herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid and cost
savings from earlier hospital discharge. J Mol Diagn. 2005
Oct;7(4):511-6. Pathogenesis: 13774.
Best SM, Morris KL, Shannon JG, Robertson SJ, Mitzel DN, Park GS,
Boer E, Wolfinbarger JB, Bloom ME. Inhibition of interferon-stimulated
JAK-STAT signaling by a tick-borne flavivirus and identification of NS5
as an interferon antagonist. J Virol. 2005 Oct;79(20):12828-39. 13775.
Briese T, Bernard KA. West Nile virus--an old virus learning new
tricks? J Neurovirol. 2005 Oct;11(5):469-75. Review. 13776.
Chatterjee P. Japanese encephalitis outbreak in India. Lancet
Neurol. 2005 Nov;4(11):700. 13777.
Cruz-Pacheco G, Esteva L, Montano-Hirose JA, Vargas C. Modelling
the dynamics of West Nile Virus. Bull Math Biol. 2005 Nov;67(6):1157-72.
13778.
Custer B, Busch MP, Marfin AA, Petersen LR. The
cost-effectiveness of screening the U.S. blood supply for West Nile
virus. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Oct 4;143(7):486-92. Summary for patients
in: Ann Intern Med. 2005 Oct 4;143(7):I44. 13779.
Hanna SL, Pierson TC, Sanchez MD, Ahmed AA, Murtadha MM, Doms RW.
N-linked glycosylation of west nile virus envelope proteins influences
particle assembly and infectivity. J Virol. 2005 Nov;79(21):13262-74. 13780.
Lee DH, Mathew J, Pfahler W, Ma D, Valinsky J, Prince AM, Andrus
L. Individual donor nucleic acid amplification testing for detection of
West Nile virus. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Oct;43(10):5111-6. 13781.
Olival KJ, Daszak P. The ecology of emerging neurotropic viruses.
J Neurovirol. 2005 Oct;11(5):441-6. Review. 13782.
Ota MO, Moss WJ, Griffin DE. Emerging diseases: measles. J
Neurovirol. 2005 Oct;11(5):447-54. Review. 13783.
Soldan SS, Gonzalez-Scarano F. Emerging infectious diseases: the
Bunyaviridae. J Neurovirol. 2005 Oct;11(5):412-23. Review. Vaccines: 13784.
Hombach J, Solomon T, Kurane I, Jacobson J, Wood D. Report on a
WHO consultation on immunological endpoints for evaluation of new
Japanese encephalitis vaccines, WHO, Geneva, 2-3 September, 2004.
Vaccine. 2005 Nov 1;23(45):5205-11. 13785.
Marfin AA, Gubler DJ. Japanese encephalitis: the need for a more
effective vaccine. Lancet. 2005 Oct 15-21;366(9494):1335-7. 13786.
Ohrr H, Tandan JB, Sohn YM, Shin SH, Pradhan DP, Halstead SB.
Effect of single dose of SA 14-14-2 vaccine 1 year after immunisation in
Nepalese children with Japanese encephalitis: a case-control study.
Lancet. 2005 Oct 15-21;366(9494):1375-8. 13787.
Pugachev KV, Guirakhoo F, Monath TP. New developments in
flavivirus vaccines with special attention to yellow fever. Curr Opin
Infect Dis. 2005 Oct;18(5):387-94. Review.
13788.
Sejvar JJ, Labutta RJ, Chapman LE, Grabenstein JD, Iskander J,
Lane JM. Neurologic adverse
events associated with smallpox vaccination in the United States,
2002-2004. JAMA. 2005 Dec 7;294(21):2744-50. Erratum in: JAMA. 2005 Dec
28;294(24):3092. 13789.
Zenz W, Pansi H, Zoehrer B, Mutz I, Holzmann H, Kraigher A,
Berghold A, Spork D. Tick-borne
encephalitis in children in Styria and Slovenia between 1980 and 2003.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 Oct;24(10):892-6. Therapy: 13790.
Hanly JG, Harrison MJ. Management of neuropsychiatric lupus. Best
Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005 Oct;19(5):799-821. Review. 13791.
Openshaw H, Cantin EM. Corticosteroids in herpes simplex virus
encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;76(11):1469.
13792. RamachandranNair R, Parameswaran M, Girija AS. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis treated with plasmapheresis. Singapore Med J. 2005 Oct;46(10):561-3. |