HEPATITIS
Some Selected Abstracts: | |
1. |
Adibi P, Ghassemian R, Alavian SM, Ranjbar M,
Mohammadalizadeh AH, Nematizadeh F, Mamani M, Rezazadeh M, Keramat F,
Ardalan A, Esmaeili A, Zali MR. Effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in children
of chronic hepatitis B mothers. Saudi Med J. 2004
Oct;25(10):1414-8. Research
Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Isfahan University of
Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. adibi@med.mui.ac.ir OBJECTIVE:
Although all newborns in Iran have been vaccinated against hepatitis B
since March 1993, routine screening of pregnant women has not been
conducted in prenatal care programs, yet transmission of hepatitis B via
the maternal-fetal route is still a viable likelihood, which must be
entertained. METHODS: The subjects were divided into 2 groups. The exposed
group comprised 97 vaccinated children whose mothers were seropositive for
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and had not received hepatitis
immunoglobulin at birth. The unexposed group consisted of 87 vaccinated
children whose mothers were seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen.
We compared these 2 groups to determine the efficacy of vaccine alone in
high-risk children. This study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from June
2002 to December 2002. All children were born after 1993. RESULTS: Chronic
infection (HBsAg positivity) was detected in 14.3% of children in the
exposed group. There were no instances of chronic infection in the
unexposed group (relative risk [RR]=13.48, 95% confidence intervals [CI]
1.8-100.02). Previous infection of hepatitis B (HBcAb positivity) was
found in 29 (29.9%) children in the exposed group, but only one (1.2%) in
the unexposed group (RR=26.01, 95% CI: 3.61-186.95). Immunity (HBsAb
positivity) in the exposed group measured 48 (49.5%) and unexposed group
measured 56 (64.4%) (R.R=0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.99). CONCLUSION: Vaccination
alone did not induce immunity against hepatitis B in high-risk children;
it seems that routine screening of pregnant women is necessary for
determining whether neonates need hepatitis B immunoglobulin after birth. |
2. |
Cervera R, Asherson RA, Acevedo ML, Gomez-Puerta JA, Espinosa
G, De La Red G, Gil V, Ramos-Casals M, Garcia-Carrasco M, Ingelmo M, Font
J. Antiphospholipid syndrome associated with infections: clinical and
microbiological characteristics of 100 patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004
Oct;63(10):1312-7. Review. Servei
de Malalties Autoimmunes, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170,
08036-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. rcervera@clinic.ub.es OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyse the clinical characteristics of 100 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) associated with infections. METHODS: Patients were identified by a computer assisted search (Medline) of published reports to locate all cases of APS published in English, Spanish, and French from 1983 to 2003. The bilateral Fisher exact test was used for statistics. RESULTS: 59 female and 41 male patients were identified (mean (SD) age, 32 (18) years (range 1 to 78)): 68 had primary APS, 27 had systemic lupus erythematosus, two had "lupus-like" syndrome, two had inflammatory bowel disease, and one had rheumatoid arthritis. APS presented as a catastrophic syndrome in 40% of cases. The main clinical manifestations of APS included: pulmonary involvement (39%), skin involvement (36%), and renal involvement (35%; nine with renal thrombotic microangiopathy, RTMA). The main associated infections and agents included skin infection (18%), HIV (17%), pneumonia (14%), hepatitis C (13%), and urinary tract infection (10%). Anticoagulation was used in 74%, steroids in 53%, intravenous immunoglobulins in 20%, cyclophosphamide in 12%, plasma exchange in 12%, and dialysis in 9.6%. Twenty three patients died following infections and thrombotic episodes (16 with catastrophic APS). Patients given steroids had a better prognosis (p = 0.024). The presence of RTMA and requirement for dialysis carried a worse prognosis (p = 0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Various different infections can be associated with thrombotic events in patients with APS, including the potentially lethal subset termed catastrophic APS. Aggressive treatment with anticoagulation, steroids, and appropriate antibiotic cover is necessary to improve the prognosis. |
3. |
Colletti
JE, Homme JL, Woodridge DP. Unsuspected neonatal killers in emergency
medicine. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2004 Nov;22(4):929-60. Review. Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. colletti.james@mayo.edu A neonate presenting to the emergency department can present a challenge to even the most experienced clinician. This article has focused on four deceiving and potentially devastating neonatal diseases. 1. Neonatal herpes is a potentially devastating illness without pathognomonic signs or symptoms. Early recognition and therapy can reduce mortality markedly. Although no specific sign or symptom is diagnostic,the diagnosis should be strongly considered in the presence of HSV risk factors, atypical sepsis, unexplained acute hepatitis, or focal seizure activity. Acyclovir therapy should be initiated before viral dissemination or significant CNS replication occurs. 2. Pertussis is a disease in which infants are at greatest risk of death or severe complication. Neonatal pertussis often presents in an atypical manner, lacking the classic signs and symptoms such as the "whoop."More common signs and symptoms include cough, feeding difficulty,low-grade fever, emesis, increasing respiratory distress, apnea, cyanosis,and seizures. Management should include hospitalization, supportive care, and antibiotics. 3. Congenital heart defects, particularly ductal-dependent lesions, may have an initial asymptomatic period that culminates in a rapidly progressive and fatal course. A neonate with CHD presents with shock refractory to volume resuscitation or pressor support. Resuscitative efforts are ineffective unless PGE, is administered. 4. Inborn errors of metabolism often are unsuspected because of their protean and heterogeneous nature. Signs and symptoms are subtle,are nonspecific, and often mimic other, more common diseases.An elevated index of suspicion, along with application and correct interpretation of a select few laboratory tests, is the key to making a diagnosis. Therapy is relatively straightforward and focused on resuscitation followed by prevention of catabolism and correction of specifically identified abnormalities.Although these disorders are relatively uncommon, prompt diagnosis and therapy can lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality. The key is to maintain a high index of suspicion. |
4. |
Gea-Banacloche
JC, Opal SM, Jorgensen J, Carcillo JA, Sepkowitz KA, Cordonnier C.
Sepsis associated with immunosuppressive medications: an
evidence-based review. Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov;32(11 Suppl):S578-90.
Review. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. OBJECTIVE: In 2003, critical care and infectious disease experts representing 11 international organizations developed management guidelines for sepsis associated with immunosuppressive medications that would be of practical use for the bedside clinician, under the auspices of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, an international effort to increase awareness and improve outcome in severe sepsis. DESIGN: The process included a modified Delphi method, a consensus conference, several subsequent smaller meetings of subgroups and key individuals, teleconferences, and electronic-based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee. METHODS: The modified Delphi methodology used for grading recommendations built on a 2001 publication sponsored by the International Sepsis Forum. We undertook a systematic review of the literature graded along five levels to create recommendation grades from A to E, with A being the highest grade. Pediatric considerations to contrast adult and pediatric management are in the article by Parker et al. on p. S591. CONCLUSION: Immunosuppressed patients, by definition, are susceptible to a wider spectrum of infectious agents than immunologically normal patients and, thus, require a broader spectrum antimicrobial regimen when they present with sepsis or septic shock. Special expertise managing immunosuppressed patient populations is needed to predict and establish the correct diagnosis and to choose appropriate empiric and specific agents and maximize the likelihood that patients will survive these microbial challenges. |
5. |
Goldenberg
NA, Graham DK, Liang X, Hays T. Successful treatment of severe aplastic
anemia in children using standardized immunosuppressive therapy with
antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine A. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2004
Dec;43(7):718-22. Division
of Hematology, Oncology, and BMT, Department of Pediatrics, UCHSC/The
Children's Hospital, Denver, Colorado 80128, USA. neil.goldenberg@uchsc.edu BACKGROUND:
Given the heterogeneity of published data in US children, we sought to
evaluate outcomes of a standardized immunosuppressive therapy (IST)
regimen for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) at The Children's Hospital
(Denver, CO). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 16
children diagnosed from 1990 to 2003 and treated by IST, among whom 14
received the standardized regimen of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and
cyclosporine A (CsA). Serial hematologic parameters, complications,
transfusion requirements, and time to response were assessed. RESULTS: One
child who died from a pre-existing Aspergillus infection prior to expected
IST response was excluded from the analysis. Overall
(transfusion-independent) response to IST was 100% (13/13), without any
relapses or clinically evident leukemic/myelodysplastic transformations
after a median follow-up time of 4.4 years (range: 10 months-13.3 years).
CONCLUSIONS: This report documents excellent outcome using combination ATG
and CsA IST for pediatric SAA. 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
6. |
Kilbourne
AM, Cornelius JR, Han X, Pincus HA, Shad M, Salloum I, Conigliaro J, Haas
GL. Burden of general medical conditions among individuals with bipolar
disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2004 Oct;6(5):368-73. VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA. 1amy.kilbourne@med.va.gov OBJECTIVE: Treatment of coexisting medical comorbidities may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes among patients with bipolar disorder. We determined the prevalence of general medical conditions in a population-based sample of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the Veterans Administration (VA). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients (n = 4310) diagnosed with bipolar disorder in fiscal year 2001 receiving care at VA facilities located within the mid-Atlantic region. General medical conditions were assessed using ICD-9 codes, and we compared the prevalence of each condition in our bipolar sample with national data on the VA patient population. RESULTS: The mean age was 53 (SD = 13), 10% were women, and 12% African-American. The mean age of the VA national patient population was higher (58 years). The most prevalent conditions among patients with bipolar disorder included cardiovascular (e.g. hypertension, 35%), endocrine (e.g. hyperlipidemia, 23%; diabetes, 17%), and alcohol use disorder (25%). When compared with national data, the prevalence of diabetes was higher in the bipolar cohort than in the national cohort (17.2% versus 15.6%; p = 0.0035). Hepatitis C was more common in the bipolar group than the national cohort (5.9% versus 1.1%; p < 0.001). Lower back pain (15.4% versus 10.6%; p < 0.0001) and pulmonary conditions (e.g. COPD: 10.6% versus 9.4%; p = 0.005) were also more prevalent among the bipolar cohort than the VA national cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with bipolar disorder possess a substantial burden of general medical comorbidity, and are occurring at an earlier age than in the general VA patient population, suggesting the need for earlier detection and treatment for patients with bipolar disorder. |
7. |
Lu
CY, Chiang BL, Chi WK, Chang MH, Ni YH, Hsu HM, Twu SJ, Su IJ, Huang LM,
Lee CY.. Waning immunity to plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the
need for boosters 15 years after neonatal vaccination. Hepatology. 2004
Dec;40(6):1415-20. Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Neonatal immunization with hepatitis B (HB) vaccine is highly effective; however, more needs to be learned about the duration of protection and indications for boosters. We measured antibody to HB core antigen (anti-HBc), HB surface antigen (HBsAg), and pre- and postbooster titers of HBsAg antibody (anti-HBs) 15 years after primary neonatal immunization with plasma-derived HB vaccines in 2 cohorts of 15-year-old children. Group A consisted of 78 children who were born to HB e antigen-positive HBsAg carrier mothers and had developed protective levels of anti-HBs antibodies (> or =10 mIU/mL) following HB immunization. Group B consisted of 113 apparently healthy children whose anti-HBs titers after vaccination were unknown. Anti-HBs was undetectable (antibody titer <10 mIU/mL) in 29.9% in group A and 62.4% in group B (P < .001). Anti-HBc was detected in 33.3 % in group A and 4.4 % in group B (P < .001). After a single booster dose of HB vaccine, 2.7% in group A and 3.3% in group B remained anti-HBs-negative. A blunted serological response was noted in approximately 20% in both groups. One HBsAg carrier was detected in group A (1.3%) and 4 in group B (3.5%). Fifteen years after neonatal immunization with plasma-derived HB vaccine, a large proportion of children exhibited waning immunity. This poses the risk of breakthrough infection. A single booster augmented the serological response to the vaccine in most but not all subjects. In conclusion, our findings suggest that one or more booster immunizations are needed in seronegative subjects by at least 15 years following neonatal immunization with plasma-derived HB vaccine. |
8. |
Tsai
YH, Hsu RW, Huang KC, Chen CH, Cheng CC, Peng KT, Huang TJ. Systemic
Vibrio infection presenting as necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis. A series
of thirteen cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Nov;86-A(11):2497-502. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, No. 6, West Sec, Chia-Pu Road, Putz City, Chia-Yi County, 613, Taiwan. orma2244@adm.cgmh.org.tw BACKGROUND: Vibrio species are an uncommon cause of necrotizing fasciitis and primary septicemia, which are likely to occur in patients with hepatic disease, diabetes mellitus, adrenal insufficiency, and immunocompromised conditions. These organisms are found in warm sea waters and are often present in raw oysters, shellfish, and other seafood. The purposes of the present report were to describe a series of patients who had this potentially lethal infection and to identify clinical features associated with a poor prognosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of thirteen patients (ten men and three women) who had necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by Vibrio species. All patients had a history of contact with seawater or raw seafood. Eight patients had a hepatic disease such as hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver, three had diabetes mellitus (without hepatic disease), and two had chronic renal or adrenal insufficiency (without hepatic disease). RESULTS: Twelve patients underwent fasciotomy or limb amputation. Five patients (38%) died within two to six days after admission, and eight patients survived. Patients with a systolic blood pressure of < or =90 mm Hg and leukopenia in the emergency room had a significantly higher mortality rate (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of Vibrio necrotizing fasciitis should be suspected when a patient has the appropriate clinical findings and a history of contact with seawater or raw seafood. The treatment should begin as early as possible, essentially when the patient has symptoms of sepsis. Although emergency fasciotomy or limb amputation did not reduce the mortality rate in this series, we consider such operations to be an important aspect of treatment. |
9. |
Barbara
JA. The rationale for pathogen-inactivation treatment of blood components. National Blood Service, Colindale, London, UK. john.barbara@nbs.nhs.uk Blood transfusion provides an ideal portal of entry for microorganisms. Although current residual risks of microbial infection by transfusion are extremely low in the developed world, the requirements for even safer blood are paradoxically increasing. Such requirements are partly a legacy of the tragic transmissions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blood early in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pandemic and are legally expressed in consumer protection laws imposing strict product liability. Enhanced safety is called for, not only for recognized agents (especially bacteria, which cause most current transfusion-transmissible infections [TTIs]and have only recently been addressed) but also for potential future "emerging" TTIs. These possibilities are not merely theoretical. TTIs of HIV-1, HIV-2, hepatitis B virus vaccine escape mutants, human herpesvirus 8, West Nile fever virus, and variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease amply demonstrate the continual emergence of such threats. For recognized agents, the possibilities of test errors, misreporting, process-control failures, and false-negative results (although rare with modern automation) remain. In principle, an all-embracing, pan-effective microbe-inactivation procedure offers a potential solution to blood safety concerns. Such procedures may also allow the removal of several existing antimicrobial interventions. However, blood services remain to be convinced that the various prerequisites for safe and effective pathogen inactivation have been met. Not the least of these prerequisites is that all blood components can be inactivated to provide a single streamlined alternative blood safety strategy. Furthermore, the huge potential value of effective pathogen-inactivation systems for developing countries should not be forgotten once such systems are perfected. |
10. |
Godfroid
F, Denoel P, de Grave D, Schuerman L, Poolman J. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis
(DTP) combination vaccines and evaluation of pertussis immune responses.
Int J Med Microbiol. 2004 Oct;294(5):269-76. Review. Research
& Development, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rue de l'Institut 89,
B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis
(DTP) combination vaccines based on inactivated whole-cell Bordetella
pertussis (DTPw) or purified acellular pertussis components (DTPa)
facilitate vaccine administration and will allow further co-administration
such as with pneumococcal conjugates. Safety and immunogenicity studies
are needed to demonstrate non-inferiority between combinations and the
separate vaccines. The immunological non-inferiority is based on threshold
antibody levels that represent correlates of protection. However, in case
of pertussis, correlates of protection have not been defined or accepted.
We describe the clinical evaluation of DTPa- and DTPw-based combinations
and demonstrate their immunological non-inferiority as compared to their
separately administered licensed counterparts. With respect to antibody
responses against pertussis, a number of evaluations (vaccine response
rates and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) for anti-PT, anti-FHA,
anti-PRN or anti-BPT; reverse cumulative distribution curves) are
described. We also demonstrate that the B. pertussis mouse lung clearance
model is able to predict clinical efficacy of licensed DTPa and DTPw
vaccines and represents a useful tool to evaluate new combination
vaccines. |
11. |
Moylett
EH, Hanson IC. Mechanistic actions of the risks and adverse events
associated with vaccine administration.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Nov;114(5):1010-20; quiz 1021. Review. Department
of Allergy and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,
USA. Vaccine-preventable
disease levels in the United States are at or near record lows. Most
parents today have never seen a case of diphtheria, measles, or other once
commonly encountered infectious diseases now preventable by vaccine
administration. As a result, some parents wonder why their children must
receive shots for diseases that do not seem to exist. Myths and
misinformation about vaccine safety abound and can confuse parents who are
trying to make sound decisions about their children's health care.
However, we cannot take continued high immunization coverage levels for
granted. A successful vaccination program, like a successful society,
depends on the cooperation of every individual to ensure the good of all.
This review outlines for clinical allergists-immunologists the molecular
basis for the risks and adverse events associated with vaccine
administration so that they can be better informed as experts on
vaccine-associated adverse reactions. |
Diagnosis, Diagnostics, Immunodiagnosis &
Immunodiagnostics: |
11434.
Adibi
P, Ghassemian R, Alavian SM, Ranjbar M, Mohammadalizadeh AH, Nematizadeh
F, Mamani M, Rezazadeh M, Keramat F, Ardalan A, Esmaeili A, Zali MR.
Effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in children of chronic
hepatitis B mothers. Saudi Med J. 2004 Oct;25(10):1414-8. 11435.
Aggarwal
R, Ranjan P. Preventing and treating hepatitis B infection. BMJ. 2004
Nov 6;329(7474):1080-6. Review. 11436.
Andriulli
A, Persico M, Iacobellis A, Maio G, Di Salvo D, Spadaccini A, Bacca D,
Leandro G, Ventrella F, Mangia A. Treatment of patients with HCV
infection with or without liver biopsy. J Viral Hepat. 2004
Nov;11(6):536-42. 11437.
Arase
Y, Ikeda K, Tsubota A, Suzuki F, Suzuki Y, Saitoh S, Kobayashi M, Akuta
N, Someya T, Hosaka T, Sezaki H, Kobayashi M, Kumada H. Interferon
therapy for 2 years or longer reduces the incidence of
hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with chronic hepatitis C viral
infection. Intervirology. 2004 Nov-Dec;47(6):355-61. 11438.
Armstrong
L, Isaacs D, Evans N. Severe neonatal toxoplasmosis after third
trimester maternal infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004
Oct;23(10):968-9. 11439.
Canepa
J. Possible herbal treatment for C4HCV patients who are not suitable for
interferon based treatment. Saudi Med J. 2004 Nov;25(11):1778; 11440.
Cervera
R, Asherson RA, Acevedo ML, Gomez-Puerta JA, Espinosa G, De La Red G,
Gil V, Ramos-Casals M, Garcia-Carrasco M, Ingelmo M, Font J.
Antiphospholipid syndrome associated with infections: clinical and
microbiological characteristics of 100 patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004
Oct;63(10):1312-7. Review. 11441.
Chan
DF, Li AM, Chu WC, Chan MH, Wong EM, Liu EK, Chan IH, Yin J, Lam CW, Fok
TF, Nelson EA. Hepatic steatosis in obese Chinese children. Int J Obes
Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Oct;28(10):1257-63. 11442.
Chang
AH, Kirsch CM, Mobashery N, Johnson N, Levitt LJ. Streptococcus bovis
septic shock due to contaminated transfused platelets. Am J Hematol.
2004 Nov;77(3):282-6. 11443.
Chen
NL, Bai L, Li L, Chen PL, Zhang C, Liu CY, Deng T, Chen H, Jia KM, Zhou
ZQ. Apoptosis pathway of
liver cells in chronic hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Nov
1;10(21):3201-4. 11444.
Chu
WC, Leung TF, Chan KF, Yeung DK, Yeung TK, Cheung HM, Hon EK, Liew CT,
Lam WW. Wilson's disease with chronic active hepatitis: monitoring by in
vivo 31-phosphorus MR spectroscopy before and after medical treatment.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004 Nov;183(5):1339-42. 11445.
Colletti
JE, Homme JL, Woodridge DP. Unsuspected neonatal killers in emergency
medicine. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2004 Nov;22(4):929-60. Review. 11446.
Copley
L. C is for communication. Nurs Stand. 2004 Nov 3-9;19(8):19. 11447.
Daniele
B, Bencivenga A, Megna AS, Tinessa V. Alpha-fetoprotein and
ultrasonography screening for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology.
2004 Nov;127(5 Suppl 1):S108-12. Review. 11448.
De
Cock L, Hutse V, Verhaegen E, Quoilin S, Vandenberghe H, Vranckx R.
Detection of HCV antibodies in oral fluid. J Virol Methods. 2004 Dec
15;122(2):179-83. 11449.
Di
Martino V, Lebray P, Myers RP, Pannier E, Paradis V, Charlotte F,
Moussalli J, Thabut D, Buffet C, Poynard T. Progression of liver
fibrosis in women infected with hepatitis C: long-term benefit of
estrogen exposure. Hepatology. 2004 Dec;40(6):1426-33. 11450.
Dragoteanu
M, Cotul SO, Tamas S, Piglesan C. Nuclear medicine dynamic
investigations of diffuse chronic liver diseases and portal
hypertension. Rom J Gastroenterol. 2004 Dec;13(4):351-7. 11451.
Eltahawy
AT, Jiman-Fatani AA, Al-Alawi MM. A fatal non-01 Vibrio cholerae
septicemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. Saudi Med J. 2004
Nov;25(11):1730-1. 11452.
Evrard
S, Le Moine O, Deviere J, Yengue P, Nagy N, Adler M, Van Gossum A.
Unexplained digestive bleeding in a cirrhotic patient. Gut. 2004
Dec;53(12):1771; quiz answer 1780. 11453.
Fattovich
G, Zagni I, Ribero ML, Castagnetti E, Minola E, Lomonaco L, Scattolini
C, Fabris P, Boccia S, Giusti M, Abbati G, Felder M, Rovere P, Redaelli
A, Tonon A, Tomba A, Montanari R, Paternoster C, Distasi M, Fornaciari
G, Tositti G, Rizzo C, Suppressa S, Pantalena M, Noventa F, Tagger A. A
randomized trial of prolonged high dose of interferon plus ribavirin for
hepatitis C patients nonresponders to interferon alone. J Viral Hepat.
2004 Nov;11(6):543-51. 11454.
Fernandez-Rodriguez
CM, Gutierrez ML, Serrano PL, Lledo JL, Santander C, Fernandez TP, Tomas
E, Cacho G, Nevado M, Casas ML. Factors influencing the rate of fibrosis
progression in chronic hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci. 2004
Nov-Dec;49(11-12):1971-6. 11455.
Forton
DM, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD. Central nervous system involvement in
hepatitis C virus infection. Metab Brain Dis. 2004 Dec;19(3-4):383-91.
Review. 11456.
Gea-Banacloche
JC, Opal SM, Jorgensen J, Carcillo JA, Sepkowitz KA, Cordonnier C.
Sepsis associated with immunosuppressive medications: an
evidence-based review. Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov;32(11 Suppl):S578-90.
Review. 11457.
Gill
ML, Atiq M, Sattar S, Khokhar N. Non-endoscopic parameters for the
identification of esophageal varices in patients with chronic hepatitis.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2004 Nov;54(11):575-7. 11458.
Goldenberg
NA, Graham DK, Liang X, Hays T. Successful treatment of severe aplastic
anemia in children using standardized immunosuppressive therapy with
antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine A. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2004
Dec;43(7):718-22. 11459.
Harrison
SA, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2004 Nov;8(4):861-79, ix.
Review. 11460.
Jones
EA. Fatigue complicating chronic liver disease. Metab Brain Dis. 2004
Dec;19(3-4):421-9. Review. 11461.
Kilbourne
AM, Cornelius JR, Han X, Pincus HA, Shad M, Salloum I, Conigliaro J,
Haas GL. Burden of general medical conditions among individuals with
bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2004 Oct;6(5):368-73. 11462.
Koklu
S, Koksal AS, Asil M, Kiyici H, Coban S, Arhan M. Probable sulbactam/ampicillin-associated
prolonged cholestasis. Ann Pharmacother. 2004 Dec;38(12):2055-8. 11463.
Kondo
M, Okazaki H, Takai K, Nishikawa J, Ohta H, Uekusa T, Yoshida H, Tanaka
K. Intrahepatic splenosis in a patient with chronic hepatitis C. J
Gastroenterol. 2004 Oct;39(10):1013-5. 11464.
Kukka
C. Bloodborne infections: should they be disclosed? Is differential
treatment necessary? J Sch Nurs. 2004 Dec;20(6):324-30. Review. 11465.
Li
LJ, Yang Q, Huang JR, Xu XW, Chen YM, Fu SZ. Effect of artificial liver
support system on patients with severe viral hepatitis: a study of four
hundred cases. World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Oct 15;10(20):2984-8. 11466.
Liaw
YF, Sung JJ, Chow WC, Farrell G, Lee CZ, Yuen H, Tanwandee T, Tao QM,
Shue K, Keene ON, Dixon JS, Gray DF, Sabbat J; Cirrhosis Asian
Lamivudine Multicentre Study Group. Lamivudine for patients with chronic
hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2004 Oct
7;351(15):1521-31. 11467.
Lu
CY, Chiang BL, Chi WK, Chang MH, Ni YH, Hsu HM, Twu SJ, Su IJ, Huang LM,
Lee CY. Waning immunity to plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the
need for boosters 15 years after neonatal vaccination. Hepatology. 2004
Dec;40(6):1415-20. 11468.
Mao
YM, Zeng MD, Lu LG, Wan MB, Li CZ, Chen CW, Fu QC, Wang JY, She WM, Cai
X, Ye J, Zhou XQ, Wang H, Wu SM, Tang MF, Zhu JS, Chen WX, Zhang HQ.
Capsule oxymatrine in treatment of hepatic fibrosis due to
chronic viral hepatitis: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled,
multicenter clinical study. World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Nov
15;10(22):3269-73. 11469.
Miller
EB, Friedman JA. Takayasu's arteritis and hepatitis C: a new
association? Clin Rheumatol. 2004 Oct;23(5):479. 11470.
Minami
M, Okanoue T. Evidence-based medicine on domestic data. J Gastroenterol.
2004 Oct;39(10):1019-20. 11471.
Rich
JD, Taylor LE, Allen SA. Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in
adults. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Oct 5;141(7):575-6; 11472.
Roque-Afonso
AM, Grangeot-Keros L, Roquebert B, Desbois D, Poveda JD, Mackiewicz V,
Dussaix E. Diagnostic relevance of immunoglobulin G avidity for
hepatitis A virus. J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Nov;42(11):5121-4. 11473.
Samandari
T, Bell BP, Armstrong GL. Quantifying the impact of hepatitis A
immunization in the United States, 1995-2001. Vaccine. 2004 Oct
22;22(31-32):4342-50. 11474.
Sarin
SK, Sandhu BS, Sharma BC, Jain M, Singh J, Malhotra V. Beneficial
effects of 'lamivudine pulse' therapy in HBeAg-positive patients with
normal ALT*. J Viral Hepat. 2004 Nov;11(6):552-8. 11475.
Thomson
EC, Main J. Advances in hepatitis B and C. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004
Oct;17(5):449-59. Review. 11476.
Totan
M, Yildiz G, Kalayci AG. An uncommon presentation: chronic
meningococcaemia associated with cholestatic hepatitis in a Turkish
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Pathogenesis: |
11479.
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Alvarez-Ruiz
SB, Garcia-Rio I, Aragues M, Fraga J, Locertales Pueyo J,
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gammopathy and Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia. Br J Dermatol. 2004
Oct;151(4):937-9. 11481.
Ayranci
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Barbara
JA. The rationale for pathogen-inactivation treatment of blood
components. Int J Hematol. 2004 Nov;80(4):311-6. Review. 11483.
Beeching
NJ, Clarke PD, Kitchin NR, Pirmohamed J, Veitch K, Weber F. Comparison
of two combined vaccines against typhoid fever and hepatitis A in
healthy adults. Vaccine. 2004 Nov 15;23(1):29-35. 11484.
Chuang
E, Del Vecchio A, Smolinski S, Song XY, Sarisky RT. Biomedicines to
reduce inflammation but not viral load in chronic HCV--what's the sense?
Trends Biotechnol. 2004 Oct;22(10):517-23. Review. 11485.
Emerson
SU, Purcell RH. Running like water--the omnipresence of hepatitis E. N
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Godfroid
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Int J Med Microbiol. 2004 Oct;294(5):269-76. Review. 11487.
Golla
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2004 Nov;98(5):516-21. Review. 11488.
Gray
WL. Simian varicella: a model for human varicella-zoster virus
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Hanna
JN, Hills SL, Humphreys JL. Impact of hepatitis A vaccination of
Indigenous children on notifications of hepatitis A in north Queensland.
Med J Aust. 2004 Nov 1;181(9):482-5. 11490.
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Trends Microbiol. 2004 Oct;12(10):431-3. Review. 11491.
Huang
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Jacobsen
KH, Koopman JS. Declining hepatitis A seroprevalence: a global review
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Kermode
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developing countries. Int J Infect Dis. 2004 Nov;8(6):325-7. 11495.
Kordi
R, Wallace WA. Blood borne infections in sport: risks of transmission,
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Br J Sports Med. 2004 Dec;38(6):678-84; discussion 678-84. Review. 11496.
Manns
MP, Wedemeyer H. Treatment of hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients:
significant progress but not the final step. JAMA. 2004 Dec
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Mariano
A, Mele A, Tosti ME, Parlato A, Gallo G, Ragni P, Zotti C, Lopalco P,
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Nolan
T, Altmann A, Skeljo M, Streeton C, Schuerman L. Antibody persistence,
PRP-specific immune memory, and booster responses in infants immunised
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Nurkka
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Parke
FA, Reveille JD. Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents for rheumatoid
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Phillips
SD, Waksman JC. Hepatorenal solvent toxicology. Clin Occup Environ Med.
2004 Nov;4(4):731-40, vi. Review. 11502.
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Dec 1;104(12):3494-500. 11503.
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Pompili
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2004 Nov;38(11):1844-7. 11505.
Reichman
LB, Lardizabal A, Hayden CH. Considering the role of four months of
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Vaccines: |
11506.
Beeching
NJ. Hepatitis B infections.BMJ. 2004 Nov 6;329(7474):1059-60. 11507.
Centers
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Moylett
EH, Hanson IC. Mechanistic actions of the risks and adverse events
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Nov;114(5):1010-20; quiz 1021. Review. 11509.
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C, Lemke S, Singh V, Gentile T. Case reports of aplastic anemia after
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BJ, Katial RK. Update on side effects from common vaccines. Curr Allergy
Asthma Rep. 2004 Nov;4(6):447-53. Review. 11511.
Sorabjee
JS, Garje R. Vaccinated but not immunized: protection against hepatitis
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Oct;58(2):164-5. 11512.
Tejedor
JC, Omenaca F, Garcia-Sicilia J, Verdaguer J, Van Esso D, Esporrin C,
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Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a three-dose primary vaccination
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Wickham
S. Hepatitis B vaccination: whose right? Pract Midwife. 2004
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MF, Lim WL, Chan AO, Wong DK, Sum SS, Lai CL. 18-year follow-up study of
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Therapy: |
11517.
Das
P. Infectious disease surveillance update. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004
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Davern
TJ 2nd. Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Hepatology. 2004 Oct;40(4):1021-2;
discussion 1022. 11519.
Dionisio
D, Esperti F, Messeri D, Vivarelli A. Priority strategies for
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Karayiannis
P. Current therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Expert Rev
Anti Infect Ther. 2004 Oct;2(5):745-60. Review. 11521.
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EC. The utility of tumour necrosis factor blockade in orphan diseases.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Nov;63 Suppl 2:ii79-ii83. Review. 11522.
Pawlotsky
JM. Hepatitis C: it's a long way to new therapy, it's a long way to
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Satake
M. Infectious risks associated with the transfusion of blood components
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Nov;80(4):306-10. Review. 11524.
Sharma
DC. India to use AD syringes to stem infection from reused needles.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2004 Oct;4(10):601. 11525.
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2004 Dec 2;432(7017):540. 11526.
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KJ. Surgeon, test (and heal) thyself: sharps injuries and hepatitis C
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A, Patel K, Muir A, McHutchison JG. Tinkering and tailoring with HCV
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Review. |