Some Selected Abstracts: | |
1. |
Hetzel M, Bonfoh B, Farah Z,
Traore M, Simbe CF, Alfaroukh IO, Schelling E, Tanner M, Zinsstag J.
Diarrhoea, vomiting and the role of milk consumption: perceived
and identified risk in Bamako (Mali). Trop Med Int Health. 2004 Oct;
9(10):1132-8. Swiss Tropical Institute,
Basel, Switzerland. manuel.hetzel@unibas.ch OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the public health impact of milk contamination in Bamako,
Mali. METHODS: A case-control study assessed the risk-factors for
food-borne toxi-infections with diarrhoea and vomiting as main clinical
picture. A total of 131 schoolchildren between 5 and 20 years of age
were interviewed by trained interviewers in schools in Bamako. A
structured questionnaire was used to record health problems, food and
particularly milk consumption habits and socio-economic indicators.
RESULTS: Final multivariate logistic regression analysis identified
regular consumption of boiled milk [odds ratio(OR) = 4.38; 95% CI =
1.15-16.71], age between 5 and 10 years (OR vs. age group 11-15 years =
3.28; 95% CI = 1.09-9.85) and the existence of dry latrines in the
household (OR = 7.65; 95% CI = 1.92-30.55) as risk factors for diarrhoea
and vomiting. Other milk products and the socio-economic level of the
household were not significantly associated with the outcome. Many
people were unaware of the potential risks of milk consumption.
CONCLUSIONS: Milk products may be a risk factor for food-borne toxi-infections.
Attention has to be paid to products considered 'safe', such as boiled
or pasteurized milk. The low awareness of potential risks of many people
may increase the risk of milk consumption. To achieve a sustainable
increase in local milk production in Africa, milk quantity and
production and transformation quality should be improved simultaneously. |
2. |
Cleary TG. The role of
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in hemorrhagic colitis and
hemolytic uremic syndrome. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2004 Oct;
15(4):260-5. Review. Center
for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas
Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Thomas.G.Cleary@uth.tmc.edu The Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli represent a major class of pathogens that have been defined over the last twenty years. They cause distinctive clinical manifestations such as afebrile bloody diarrhea with severe abdominal pain (hemorrhagic colitis) and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with renal failure (hemolytic uremic syndrome). The most common Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli is serotype O157:H7, although at least one hundred different serotypes share the virulence traits and clinical manifestations with this organism. Understanding the pathophysicology, improving diagnostic tools, and developing a treatment strategy are important areas of ongoing investigations. |
3. |
Schwetz I, Bradesi S, Mayer
EA. The pathophysiology of irritable
bowel syndrome. Minerva Med. 2004 Oct;95(5):419-26. Review. Center
of Neurovisceral Sciences and Women's Health (CNS), Division of
Digestive Diseases and Brain Research Institute, Department of Medicine,
Los Angeles, CA, USA. Recent
studies have provided evidence to suggest a possible role for mucosal
immune activation in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome
(IBS). On the other hand, novel findings using functional brain-imaging
techniques support the concept that altered perception of visceral
stimuli plays a key role in IBS symptom generation. These seemingly
contradictory findings have revived the discussion about the relative
contribution of peripheral versus central mechanisms in the symptom
generation of IBS. In this review, we will provide evidence for the
hypothesis that, in the absence of changes in visceral perception and
alterations in endogenous pain modulation systems, chronic inflammatory
mucosal changes in the gut are not a plausible mechanism to explain the
presence of chronic abdominal pain, a clinical hallmark of IB. |
4. |
Butzler
JP. Campylobacter, from obscurity to celebrity. Clin Microbiol
Infect. 2004 Oct; 10(10):868-76. Review. Department
of Human Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel,
Brussels, Belgium. jean-paul.butzler@pandora.be After
its successful isolation from stools in the 1970s, Campylobacter jejuni
has rapidly become the most commonly recognised cause of bacterial
gastroenteritis in man. Reported cases of human campylobacteriosis
represent only a small fraction of the actual number. In industrialised
countries, the incidence of C. jejuni/Campylobacter coli infections
peaks during infancy, and again in young adults aged 15-44 years. Acute
self-limited gastrointestinal illness, characterised by diarrhoea, fever
and abdominal cramps, is the most common presentation of C. jejuni/C.
coli infection. The introduction of selective media has made the
diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis a simple procedure. In general,
Campylobacter enteritis is a self-limiting disease which seldom requires
antimicrobial therapy, although one in 1000 infections may lead to the
Guillain-Barre syndrome. In industrialised countries, most infections
are acquired through the handling and consumption of poultry meat. In
developing countries, where the disease is confined to young children,
inadequately treated water and contact with farm animals are the most
important risk factors. Many infections are acquired during travel.
Fluoroquinolone resistance has been reported in C. jejuni since the late
1980s in Europe and Asia, and since 1995 in the USA. The use of
fluoroquinolones to treat
animals
used for food has accelerated this trend of resistance. In Australia,
where fluoroquinolones have not been licensed for use in food production
animals, C. jejuni
remains susceptible to fluoroquinolones.
The
public health burden of Campylobacter spp. other than C. jejuni/C. coli
remains unmeasured. Better diagnostic methods may reveal the true health
burden of these organisms. |
Diagnosis, Diagnostics,
Immunodiagnosis & Immunodiagnostics: |
11377.
Abrol P, Mehta U, Lal H. Vitamin
Astatus in children with diarrhoea. Indian J Clin Biochem 2002, 17 (1),
64-8. 11378.
Butzler JP. Campylobacter, from
obscurity to celebrity. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004 Oct;10(10):868-76.
Review. 11379.
Chen HL, Chiou SS, Hsiao HP, Ke GM, Lin
YC, Lin KH, Jong YJ. Respiratory adenoviral infections in children: a
study of hospitalized cases in southern Taiwan in 2001--2002.J Trop
Pediatr. 2004 Oct;50(5):279-84. 11380.
Chiang CH, Shih JF, Su WJ, Perng RP.
Eight-month prospective study of 14 patients with hospital-acquired
severe acute respiratory syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004
Nov;79(11):1372-9. 11381.
Chuang HY, Tsai SY, Chao KY, Lian CY,
Yang CY, Ho CK, Wu TN.The influence of milk intake on the lead toxicity
to the sensory nervous system in lead workers. Neurotoxicology. 2004
Dec;25(6):941-9. 11382.
Cleary TG. The role of
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in hemorrhagic colitis and
hemolytic uremic syndrome. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2004
Oct;15(4):260-5. Review. 11383.
Helton T, Rolston DD. Which adults with
acute diarrhea should be evaluated? What is the best diagnostic
approach? Cleve Clin J Med. 2004 Oct;71(10):778-9, 783-5 11384.
Mermin J, Lule J, Ekwaru JP, Malamba S,
Downing R, Ransom R, Kaharuza F, Culver D, Kizito F, Bunnell R, Kigozi
A, Nakanjako D, Wafula W, Quick R. Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis
on morbidity, mortality, CD4-cell count, and viral load in HIV infection
in rural Uganda.Lancet. 2004 Oct 16;364(9443):1428-34. 11385.
Niv Y.Chronic diarrhea.Gastroenterology.
2004 Dec;127(6):1862; 11386.
Oldfield EC 3rd.Clostridium difficile-associated
diarrhea: risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment.Rev
Gastroenterol Disord. 2004 Fall;4(4):186-95. 11387.
Schwetz I, Bradesi S, Mayer EA.The
pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome.Minerva Med. 2004
Oct;95(5):419-26. Review. 11388.
Timmerman HM, Koning CJ, Mulder L,
Rombouts FM, Beynen AC. Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies
probiotics--A comparison of functionality and efficacy. Int J Food
Microbiol. 2004 Nov 15;96(3):219-33. Review. |
Pathogenesis: |
11389.
Clark B, McKendrick M. A review of
viral gastroenteritis.Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004 Oct;17(5):461-9.
Review. 11390.
Gurumurthy P, Ramachandran G, Hemanth
Kumar AK, Rajasekaran S, Padmapriyadarsini C, Swaminathan S, Bhagavathy
S, Venkatesan P, Sekar L, Mahilmaran A, Ravichandran N, Paramesh P.
Decreased bioavailability of rifampin and other antituberculosis drugs
in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Nov;48(11):4473-5. 11391.
Hetzel M, Bonfoh B, Farah Z, Traore M,
Simbe CF, Alfaroukh IO, Schelling E, Tanner M, Zinsstag J. Diarrhoea,
vomiting and the role of milk consumption: perceived and identified risk
in Bamako (Mali).Trop Med Int Health. 2004 Oct;9(10):1132-8. 11392.
Jensen PK, Jayasinghe G, van der Hoek
W, Cairncross S, Dalsgaard A. Is there an association between
bacteriological drinking water quality and childhood diarrhoea in
developing countries? Trop Med Int Health. 2004 Nov;9(11):1210-5. 11393.
Mackie SL, Keat A. An unusual
complication of appendicitis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Nov;63(11):1526.
Review. 11394.
Morrow AL, Rangel JM. Human milk
protection against infectious diarrhea: implications for prevention and
clinical care. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2004 Oct;15(4):221-8. Review. 11395.
Nataro JP. Vaccines against diarrheal
diseases. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2004 Oct;15(4):272-9. Review. 11396.
Tzipori S, Sheoran A, Akiyoshi D,
Donohue-Rolfe A, Trachtman H. Antibody therapy in the management of
shiga toxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004
Oct;17(4):926-41, table of contents. Review. |
Back |